ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -ED OR -ING

Adjectives ending in ED and ING

There are many adjectives that we have in English that end in -ED or -ING.

An adjective that ends in -ING is used to describe: the characteristic of a person or a thing.

An adjective that ends in -ED is used to describe: a feeling.

Compare the difference:

• My girlfriend is bored. - (My girlfriend feels bored)
• My girlfriend is boring. - (My girlfriend is a boring person)

You can use these adjectives to describe people or situations but be careful that you are using the correct adjective. For example, there is a big difference in meaning between:

• I am confused. - (I don't understand something)
• I am confusing. - (I will cause you to be confused)

Of course, you could also find both adjectives in the same sentence. Then you really need to concentrate on the intent / context of the sentence.

Examples:

• I was shocked by how shocking the accident was last night.
• They were frightened by the frightening roller-coaster ride!
• I am annoyed by how annoying that person in front of us is.
• Sally was confused by the confusing street signs in the city.

Note that the sentences above are to highlight how both adjectives can appear in the same sentence though it isn't common (because it sounds repetitive).

List of Adjectives ending in -ED and -ING

There is quite a long list of adjectives ending in -ED and -ING in English, and most of them are based on a verb that can be changed into an adjective by adding either -ED or -ING.

Some of the more common ones include: If you don't know the meaning of some of these words, click on them or  CLICK here

• Alarmed - Alarming
• Aggravated - Aggravating
• Amused - Amusing
• Annoyed - Annoying
• Astonished - Astonishing
• Astounded - Astounding
• Bored - Boring
• Captivated - Captivating
• Challenged - Challenging
• Charmed - Charming
• Comforted - Comforting
• Confused - Confusing
• Convinced - Convincing
• Depressed - Depressing
• Disappointed - Disappointing
• Discouraged - Discouraging
• Disgusted - Disgusting
• Distressed - Distressing
• Disturbed - Disturbing
• Embarrassed - Embarrassing
• Encouraged - Encouraging
• Entertained - Entertaining
• Excited - Exciting
• Exhausted - Exhausting
• Fascinated - Fascinating
• Frightened - Frightening
• Frustrated - Frustrating
• Fulfilled - Fulfilling
• Gratified - Gratifying
• Inspired - Inspiring
• Insulted - Insulting
• Interested - Interesting
• Overwhelmed - Overwhelming
• Perplexed - Perplexing
• Pleased - Pleasing
• Relaxed - Relaxing
• Relieved - Relieving
• Satisfied - Satisfying
• Shocked - Shocking
• Soothed - Soothing
• Surprised - Surprising
• Tempted - Tempting
• Terrified - Terrifying
• Threatened - Threatening
• Thrilled - Thrilling
• Tired - Tiring
• Touched - Touching
• Troubled - Troubling
• Worried - Worrying

Practise Adjctives ending in -ed or -ing. Click on the following links and do the activities.

-ING or -ED                             -ING or -ED                             -ING or -ED

-ING or -ED                             -ING or -ED                             -ING or -ED

-ING or -ED                             -ING or -ED                             -ING or -ED

-ING or -ED                             -ING or -ED                             -ING or -ED

PAST PERFECT

1ºBACHILLERATO: UNIT 2  PAST PERFECT

• Indica una acción pasada que terminó antes que otra, también pasada.   She lived in London when I first met her. Her family had moved there two years before. • Equivale al Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto o al Pretérito Anterior del castellano.               Present perfect: She is worried because she has never taken an exam before               Past perfect: She was worried because she had never taken an exam before

(+) Sujeto + Had + Participio pasado. She had studied her lessons when I arrived

(-) Sujeto + Hadn‘t + Participio pasado. She hadn‘t studied her lessons when I arrived

(?) Had + Sujeto + Participio pasado? Had she studied her lessons when you arrived?

	auxiliary verb	Subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+		I	had		finished	my work.
+		You	had		stopped	before me.
-		She	had	not	gone	to school.
-		We	had	not	left.
?	Had	you			arrived?
?	Had	they			eaten	dinner?

When speaking with the past perfect tense, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb:

I had	I'd
you had	you'd
he had she had it had	he'd she'd it'd
we had	we'd
they had	they'd

The 'd contraction is also used for the auxiliary verb would. For example, we'd can mean: We had or We would But usually the main verb is in a different form, for example: We had arrived (past participle) We would arrive (base) It is always clear from the context.

EXERCISES ON PAST PERFECT SIMPLE: 
EX1, EX2

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE vs PAST SIMPLE
EX1, EX2, EX3, EX4, EX5, EX6, EX7

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE vs PAST SIMPLE: EXERCISES

 EXERCISES

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: EX1, EX2, EX3

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE vs PAST SIMPLE: EX1, EX2, EX3, EX4

PRESENT PERFECT

Already, still, yet, never, ever, just…..

El Presente Perfecto suele ir acompañado de adverbios que expresan el momento en que la acción ha sido realizada. Veamos cuáles son:

already

already - ya

Lo usamos en oraciones afirmativas, indica que la acción ha sido realizada. Lo colocamos entre el auxiliar y el participio.

I have already read that book

Ya he leído ese libro

 

They have already arrived

Ellos ya han llegado

still

still

todavía, aún

Lo usamos en oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas, así como también en oraciones negativas para enfatizar en lugar de “yet”. Lo colocamos entre el auxiliar y el participio.

I still haven't eaten

Yo no he comido todavía

He still hasn't arrived

Él no ha llegado todavía

yet

yet

todavía

Lo utilizamos en oraciones negativas e interrogativas. Lo colocamos a final de fr

He hasn't arrived yet

Él no ha llegado todavía

 

Has Marge passed her test yet?

¿Ha aprobado Marge su examen ya?

never

never

nunca

Lo colocamos entre el auxiliar y el participio

I have never been to London

Yo nunca he estado en Londres

 

She has never eaten Italian food

Ella nunca ha comido comida italiana

 

just

just

ahora mismo

Este adverbio indica que la acción ha sido realizada recientemente, por lo que podemos traducir el Presente Perfecto cuando va acompañado de este adverbio por la perífrasis “acabar de + infinitivo”.Lo colocamos entre el auxiliar y el participio.

I have just finished my homework

Acabo de terminar mis deberes

 

Kate has just cleaned her room

Kate ha limpiado su habitación ahora mismo

ever

ever

alguna vez / jamás

Lo colocamos entre el auxiliar y el participio. Lo usamos sobretodo en oraciones interrogativas para preguntar por experiencias pasadas:

 

Have you ever been to Paris?

¿Has estado alguna vez en París?

 Have you ever ridden a motorbike?

¿Has montado alguna vez en moto?

También podemos encontrarlo en oraciones negativas:

 

I haven't ever gone to Denmark

Yo no he ido a Dinamarca jamás

 

I haven't ever tried carrots

Yo no he probado jamás las zanahorias

Es típico encontrar este adverbio acompañando al Presente Perfecto en oraciones introducidas por un adjetivo en grado superlativo:

This is the most delicious food I have ever tried

Es la comida más deliciosa que he probado jamás

He is the most handsome boy I have ever seen

Él es el chico más guapo que he visto jamás

John is the tallest boy I have ever met

John es el chico más alto que he conocido en toda mi vida

She is the prettiest girl I have ever gone out with

Ella es la chica más guapa con la que he salido jamás

Your father is the strongest man I have ever seen

Tu padre es el hombre más fuerte que he visto jamás

Ejemplos de uso

I have already packed my suitcases. When are we leaving?

a he hecho mis maletas. ¿Cuándo nos vamos?

 Jane is the prettiest girl I have ever met

ane es la chica más guapa que he conocido

 Have you finished your meal yet?

¿Has terminado ya tu comida?

 I have just read your letter. It's moving

Acabo de leer tu carta. Es conmovedora

 This is the most terrible thing I have ever seen

Es la cosa más horrible que he visto jamás

 

I have never swum in the sea

Nunca he nadado en el mar

 

Sue has just phoned you

Sue te acaba de llamar

Have you ever driven a Rolls-Royce?

¿Has conducido alguna vez un Rolls-Royce?

The class hasn't started yet

La clase todavía no ha empezado